HbA1c Report

Referral: ABC Clinic

Name: Sarah Mitchell

DOB: 01/01/2000

Collection Date: 01/01/2026

Received Date: 05/01/2026

Report Date: 08/01/2026

Sample Type: Dried Blood Spot

Analysis: Immunoassay

Measurement Unit: Percentage %

TEST0051

Status Reference: Normal Elevated High

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Accredited By

5.2

NORMAL

%

Target: below 5.7 %

5.2

0% 5.7% 6.5% 10%

Normal

Normal: below 5.7%. Elevated: 5.7–6.5%. High: above 6.5%.

Summary

Current Level

5.2 %

Percentage of glycated haemoglobin

Normal Range

Below 5.7 %

Target for non-diabetic adults

Current Status

Normal

Within desirable range

📅 Monitoring & Retesting

Low/Suboptimal: Retest in 3–4 months after starting supplementation.
Optimal: Retest in 6 months to ensure levels remain stable.
Elevated/High: Retest in 3 months after reducing intake.
Results reflect average levels over the previous 3–4 months.

📍 Recommended Retest: April – May 2026

HbA1c Report

Referral: ABC Clinic

Name: Sarah Mitchell

DOB: 01/01/2000

Collection Date: 01/01/2026

Received Date: 05/01/2026

Report Date: 08/01/2026

Sample Type: Dried Blood Spot

Analysis: Immunoassay

Measurement Unit: Percentage %

TEST0051

Your Progress Over Time

Tracking your last 2 HbA1c results | ▼ −0.9% since first test

Test-by-Test Breakdown

TEST 1 — 13/06/2024

6.1

%

ELEVATED

Pre-diabetes range. Lifestyle modifications recommended.

TEST 2 — 01/10/2024

5.2

%

NORMAL

Improved (↓0.9%). Now within the normal range.

Understanding Your HbA1c Zones

NORMAL

Below 5.7%

Healthy blood sugar control. Low diabetes risk. Maintain current lifestyle.

ELEVATED

5.7 – 6.4%

Pre-diabetes range. Lifestyle modifications and dietary changes recommended.

HIGH

6.5% and above

Diabetes range. Medical assessment and intervention recommended.

HbA1c Report

Referral: ABC Clinic

Name: Sarah Mitchell

DOB: 01/01/2000

Collection Date: 01/01/2026

Received Date: 05/01/2026

Report Date: 08/01/2026

Sample Type: Dried Blood Spot

Analysis: Immunoassay

Measurement Unit: Percentage %

TEST0051

What We Test & Why It Matters

● Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

The HbA1c test measures the percentage of glycated haemoglobin in your blood using Immunoassay from a capillary dried blood spot (DBS) sample. HbA1c reflects your average blood glucose levels over the past 2–3 months and is the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. Unlike a single fasting glucose measurement, HbA1c captures the full picture of how your body has been managing blood sugar over time, making it one of the most reliable biomarkers in preventive medicine.

Normal HbA1c levels (below 5.7%) are associated with good metabolic health and significantly reduced cardiovascular risk. Elevated levels (5.7–6.5%) indicate pre-diabetes — a critical window where lifestyle interventions such as dietary changes, exercise, and weight management can prevent progression to type 2 diabetes. Levels above 6.5% are consistent with a diabetes diagnosis and require medical management to prevent long-term complications.

Chronically elevated HbA1c is linked to a range of serious health consequences including cardiovascular disease, kidney damage (nephropathy), nerve damage (neuropathy), vision loss (retinopathy), impaired wound healing, and increased susceptibility to infections. Research consistently demonstrates that each 1% reduction in HbA1c can reduce the risk of microvascular complications by up to 37% and diabetes-related mortality by 21%.

Why Normal HbA1c Levels Matter

Blood Sugar Control

Reflects stable glucose metabolism over 2–3 months

🫀

Heart Health

Lower HbA1c reduces cardiovascular disease risk

🫘

Kidney Health

Protects against diabetic nephropathy and kidney damage

👁️

Eye Health

Reduces risk of diabetic retinopathy and vision loss

🧠

Nerve Health

Helps prevent peripheral neuropathy and nerve damage

⚡

Energy Levels

Stable blood sugar means consistent daily energy

🩹

Wound Healing

Good glucose control supports faster tissue repair

🛡️

Immune Function

Balanced blood sugar supports immune system health

Common Causes of Elevated HbA1c

High Sugar & Refined Carbs

Diets rich in added sugars, white bread, sugary drinks, and processed foods cause persistent blood sugar elevations over time.

Insulin Resistance

Conditions like metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impair the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose effectively.

Sedentary Lifestyle

Physical inactivity reduces muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, contributing to higher average blood sugar levels.

Genetics & Family History

A family history of type 2 diabetes increases predisposition to impaired glucose metabolism, even with a healthy lifestyle.

HbA1c Report

Referral: ABC Clinic

Name: Sarah Mitchell

DOB: 01/01/2000

Collection Date: 01/01/2026

Received Date: 05/01/2026

Report Date: 08/01/2026

Sample Type: Dried Blood Spot

Analysis: Immunoassay

Measurement Unit: Percentage %

TEST0051

How To Improve Your Results

🥗

Healthy Diet

Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, non-starchy vegetables, and healthy fats to maintain steady blood sugar levels.
Choose low glycaemic index (GI) foods to prevent blood sugar spikes and maintain stable energy throughout the day.
Include fibre-rich foods such as legumes, oats, and leafy greens to slow glucose absorption and improve insulin sensitivity.
Limit refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and processed foods which can cause rapid blood sugar fluctuations.

Low Glycaemic Index Foods (GI values)

Food Source	Serving Size	GI Score	Rating
Rolled Oats (porridge)	1 cup cooked	55	Low GI
Sweet Potato (boiled)	150g	46	Low GI
Lentils (cooked)	1 cup	32	Low GI
Chickpeas (canned)	1 cup	42	Low GI
Quinoa (cooked)	1 cup	53	Low GI
Brown Rice	1 cup cooked	50	Low GI
Apple (whole, raw)	1 medium	36	Low GI
Greek Yoghurt (plain)	200g	24	Low GI
Kidney Beans	1 cup cooked	24	Low GI
Wholegrain Bread	1 slice	51	Low GI

* Values approximate. GI scale: Low ≤55, Medium 56–69, High ≥70. Source: Glycemic Index Foundation, University of Sydney. Low GI (≤55) Medium GI (56–69) High GI (≥70)

💡

Lifestyle Tips

Combine low GI foods with protein and healthy fats for sustained energy and better blood sugar control.
Limit alcohol consumption as it can affect blood glucose metabolism and increase diabetes risk.
Avoid smoking as it increases inflammation and diabetes complications risk.

💊

Blood Sugar Management

For normal HbA1c levels, maintain a consistent diet and retest annually for routine monitoring.
If you have elevated or high HbA1c levels, work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized management plan.
Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise) can help lower HbA1c by improving insulin sensitivity.

Foods to Limit (High GI) (may cause blood sugar spikes)

Food	Serving Size	GI Score	Notes
White bread	1 slice	75	High GI, rapid glucose spike
Baked potato	1 medium	85	Very high GI
White rice	1 cup cooked	73	Refined carbs, high GI
Sugary cereals	1 serving	70–85	Added sugars, spikes glucose
Soft drinks / juice	250mL	63–70	Liquid sugar, rapid absorption
Confectionery / sweets	50g	65–80	High sugar, minimal nutrition

* Values approximate. GI scale: Low ≤55, Medium 56–69, High ≥70. Source: Glycemic Index Foundation, University of Sydney.

HbA1c Report

Referral: ABC Clinic

Name: Sarah Mitchell

DOB: 01/01/2000

Collection Date: 01/01/2026

Received Date: 05/01/2026

Report Date: 08/01/2026

Sample Type: Dried Blood Spot

Analysis: Immunoassay

Measurement Unit: Percentage %

TEST0051

Important Information

🔬

About HbA1c Testing

METHODOLOGY

Our HbA1c test measures glycated haemoglobin from a capillary dried blood spot (DBS) sample using Immunoassay. This gold-standard technique provides highly accurate quantitation for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.
The assay has been clinically validated against established serum reference methods, demonstrating excellent correlation and diagnostic performance. The analytical method employs protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction, followed by chromatographic separation and detection by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).

📚

References & Quality Assurance

EVIDENCE BASE

Our laboratory participates in the RCPAQAP (Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs) external quality assurance scheme. RCPAQAP is a world leader in providing external quality assurance for pathology laboratories, operating across Australia and in over 135 countries. Participation ensures our results are regularly benchmarked against peer laboratories for accuracy, precision, and reliability — giving you confidence in every result.
American Diabetes Association (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement 1), S1–S327. Arlington, VA: American Diabetes Association.
World Health Organization (2011). Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. WHO Guidelines. Geneva: WHO.
Nathan, D. M., et al. (2009). International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay. Diabetes Care, 32(7), 1327–1334.

⚠️

Disclaimer

IMPORTANT

This report is provided for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The results and recommendations should not be used as a substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare provider. Individual results may vary based on dietary intake, genetics, medications, and other metabolic factors. Masdiag does not accept liability for any actions taken based on the information in this report. Always consult your healthcare provider before making changes to your diet, supplementation, or lifestyle.

Questions About Your Results?

CONTACT US

If you have any questions about your results, would like help interpreting your report, or need guidance on next steps, our team is here to help. Please don’t hesitate to reach out — we’re happy to assist you on your health journey.

📧 support@masdiag.com

We aim to respond within 1–2 business days.