Metabolomics & Nutrition OMEGA

Omega-3 Index & Fatty Acid Profile.

Complete fatty acid profiling including Omega-3, Omega-6, monounsaturated, saturated, and trans fatty acids with calculated indices and ratios. Performed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID).

Quick Reference
Method
GC-FID
Sample Types
DBS Plasma/Serum RBC
Analytes

24+ fatty acids & indices

Turnaround

3–5 working days

Enquire About This Test

What does this test assess?

This method provides a comprehensive assessment of fatty acid status from a single dried blood spot, enabling evaluation of essential fatty acid intake, cardiovascular risk markers, and inflammatory balance.

Clinical indications include:

  • Cardiovascular risk assessment via Omega-3 Index
  • Evaluation of dietary fatty acid intake and supplementation efficacy
  • Assessment of inflammatory balance through Omega-6:Omega-3 and AA:EPA ratios
  • Monitoring of trans fatty acid exposure
  • Prenatal DHA status assessment for maternal and foetal health
  • Support for dietary counselling in neurological and psychiatric conditions

Measured analytes

Analyte / GroupComponentsClinical Significance
Omega-3 fatty acids ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA Anti-inflammatory; essential for cardiovascular and neurological health
Omega-6 fatty acids LA, GLA, DGLA, AA Pro-inflammatory in excess; essential in balance with Omega-3
Monounsaturated Oleic acid and others Associated with cardiovascular protection
Saturated fatty acids Palmitic, stearic, and others Structural and metabolic roles; excess linked to CVD risk
Trans fatty acids Industrial and ruminant trans fats Associated with increased cardiovascular risk
Calculated indices Omega-3 Index, Trans Fat Index, Omega-6:Omega-3 ratio, AA:EPA ratio Composite markers for clinical interpretation

About fatty acids

Fatty acids are fundamental components of cell membranes and play critical roles in energy metabolism, signal transduction, gene expression, and inflammatory regulation. The balance between different fatty acid classes — particularly Omega-3 and Omega-6 — has profound implications for cardiovascular, neurological, and immune health.

Omega-3 Index

Target 8–12% for optimal cardiovascular protection

AA:EPA Ratio

Key marker of inflammatory balance

Trans Fat Index

Lower is better; no safe threshold established

The Omega-3 Index, defined as the percentage of EPA and DHA in red blood cell membranes, has emerged as a robust biomarker for cardiovascular risk. An index below 4% is associated with the highest risk of cardiac events, while an index of 8–12% is considered cardioprotective. Unlike plasma levels, the Omega-3 Index reflects long-term dietary intake over approximately 120 days.

DHA is particularly important during pregnancy and early development, as it is critical for foetal brain and retinal development. Maternal DHA status directly influences supply to the foetus, making prenatal assessment clinically relevant.

Clinical applications

Fatty acid profiling supports evidence-based dietary counselling across a wide range of clinical scenarios, from cardiovascular prevention to neuropsychiatric support and prenatal care.

Key clinical uses
Cardiovascular risk stratification via Omega-3 Index
Monitoring fish oil and Omega-3 supplementation efficacy
Prenatal DHA assessment for maternal-foetal health
Inflammatory balance evaluation in chronic disease
Trans fat exposure monitoring
Dietary counselling support for neurological conditions

Analytical technique

The test is performed using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), the gold standard for fatty acid profiling. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are prepared from the dried blood spot and separated on a highly polar capillary column, providing baseline resolution of individual fatty acid species including positional and geometric isomers.

Sample information

DBS collection enables convenient home sampling without venepuncture. The dried blood spot matrix reflects red blood cell membrane composition, providing a stable, long-term measure of fatty acid status rather than a snapshot of recent dietary intake.

Testing process

From enquiry to results in a few simple steps — no clinic visit required.

1
Get in touch
Contact us to discuss your testing requirements
2
Collect your sample
Simple finger-prick onto a dried blood spot card — at home or in clinic
3
Post to our lab
DBS cards are stable at room temperature — ship by regular post worldwide
4
Receive results
Results delivered within 3–5 working days of sample receipt

Where this test is available

This test is available to healthcare professionals, wellness brands, clinics, and research institutions worldwide. We currently serve partners in:

  • Europe (EU & non-EU)
  • United Kingdom
  • Asia & Southeast Asia
  • Australia & New Zealand
  • United States

Whether you need testing services for your patients, white-label kits for your brand, or method transfer to your own laboratory — get in touch to discuss how we can work together.

Literature

  1. Harris WS, Von Schacky C. “The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?” Preventive Medicine, 2004, 39(1):212-220. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.030
  2. Stark KD, et al. “Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults.” Progress in Lipid Research, 2016, 63:132-152. 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001
  3. Koletzko B, et al. “The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy.” Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2008, 36(1):5-14. 10.1515/JPM.2008.001

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Omega-3 Index?

The Omega-3 Index is the percentage of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in red blood cell membranes. It is a validated biomarker for cardiovascular risk. An index above 8% is associated with the lowest risk of cardiac events and is considered cardioprotective. An index below 4% is classified as high risk. Unlike plasma levels, the Omega-3 Index reflects long-term dietary intake over approximately 120 days.

What does the full fatty acid profile include?

The full profile measures over 24 individual fatty acids from a dried blood spot by GC-FID (gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection). It includes the Omega-3 Index, Trans Fat Index, Omega-6:Omega-3 ratio, and AA:EPA ratio. Individual fatty acids across the Omega-3, Omega-6, monounsaturated, saturated, and trans fat classes are quantified, providing a comprehensive picture of dietary fat intake and inflammatory balance.

How is the sample collected?

The test uses a simple finger-prick to collect a few drops of blood onto a dried blood spot (DBS) card. You can do this at home or in a clinic — no venous blood draw is needed. The DBS matrix reflects red blood cell membrane composition, providing a stable, long-term measure of fatty acid status rather than a snapshot of recent dietary intake.

How long does it take to get results?

Results are typically delivered within 3 to 5 working days from the time your sample arrives at our laboratory. The analysis is performed by GC-FID, the gold standard for fatty acid profiling, providing baseline resolution of individual fatty acid species including positional and geometric isomers.

How can I improve my Omega-3 Index?

The most effective approach is to increase your intake of oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies, which are rich in EPA and DHA. Quality fish oil or algae-based Omega-3 supplements are also effective. Plant-based sources like flaxseed and walnuts provide ALA, which has a limited conversion rate to EPA and DHA. Retesting after 3 to 4 months of consistent supplementation will show whether your levels have improved.

Which countries is this test available in?

Masdiag's Omega-3 Index and fatty acid profile test is available worldwide through our partner network. We currently serve healthcare professionals, wellness brands, and clinics in Europe, the United Kingdom, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Contact us to discuss testing services, white-label kits, or method transfer to your laboratory.

Interested in this method?

Whether you need testing services, method transfer, or white-label kit development — we'd love to hear from you.